How to format your references using the Foot and Ankle Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Foot and Ankle Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gershon D. US Congress encouraged to lay out the welcome mat for skilled foreigners. Nature 2000;405:597–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Helffrich G, Kaneshima S. Outer-core compositional stratification from observed core wave speed profiles. Nature 2010;468:807–10.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Harley HE, Putman EA, Roitblat HL. Bottlenose dolphins perceive object features through echolocation. Nature 2003;424:667–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ferrant S, Caballero Y, Perrin J, Gascoin S, Dewandel B, Aulong S, et al. Projected impacts of climate change on farmers’ extraction of groundwater from crystalline aquifers in South India. Sci Rep 2014;4:3697.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Takezawa K. Introduction to Nonparametric Regression: Takezawa/Introduction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Seliger G, editor. Sustainable Manufacturing: Shaping Global Value Creation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ryan MC, Grewal IS. Targeting of BAFF and APRIL for Autoimmunity and Oncology. In: Grewal IS, editor. Therapeutic Targets of the TNF Superfamily, New York, NY: Springer; 2009, p. 52–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Foot and Ankle Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Maternal Deaths Worldwide Have Almost Halved In 25 Years. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/maternal-deaths-worldwide-have-almost-halved-in-25-years/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Rail Safety and Security: Some Actions Already Taken to Enhance Rail Security, but Risk-based Plan Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Toosi F. Decision Analysis Techniques for Adult Learners: Application to Leadership. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Pilon M. Looking Good, Shooting Ugly. New York Times 2013:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Foot and Ankle Surgery
Abbreviation	Foot Ankle Surg.
ISSN (print)	1268-7731
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine