How to format your references using the Frontiers in Neuro-Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Neuro-Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schmittner, A. (2005). Decline of the marine ecosystem caused by a reduction in the Atlantic overturning circulation. Nature 434, 628–633.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sander, P. M., and Klein, N. (2005). Developmental plasticity in the life history of a prosauropod dinosaur. Science 310, 1800–1802.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson, C. H., Egli, M., and Stewart, P. L. (2008). Structural insights into a circadian oscillator. Science 322, 697–701.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Popow, J., Englert, M., Weitzer, S., Schleiffer, A., Mierzwa, B., Mechtler, K., et al. (2011). HSPC117 is the essential subunit of a human tRNA splicing ligase complex. Science 331, 760–764.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McLeod, L. E. (2016). Leading with Noble Purpose. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Avron, A., Dershowitz, N., and Rabinovich, A. eds. (2008). Pillars of Computer Science: Essays Dedicated to Boris (Boaz) Trakhtenbrot on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hamper, A. (2016). “Tailored Physical Activity Promotion with Context-Based Mobile Applications,” in Contemporary Consumer Health Informatics, eds. N. Wickramasinghe, I. Troshani, and J. Tan (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 73–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Neuro-Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014). How Neurons Regenerate Without Affecting Memory. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/how-neurons-regenerate-without-affecting-memory/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990). Stafford Student Loans: Millions of Dollars in Loans Awarded to Ineligible Borrowers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gary, M. (2017). Home Range and Habitat Use of Juvenile Green Turtles in a Shallow Tidal Environment. Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman, W. (2014). A Hammer Comes Down on an Honor for Britain. New York Times, A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schmittner, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Sander and Klein, 2005; Schmittner, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sander and Klein, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Popow et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Neuro-Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Front. Neurol.
ISSN (online)	1664-2295
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology