How to format your references using the Healthcare Management Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Healthcare Management Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rockman MV. Reverse engineering the genotype-phenotype map with natural genetic variation. Nature. 2008;456(7223):738-744.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schrag DP, Linsley BK. Paleoclimate. Corals, chemistry, and climate. Science. 2002;296(5566):277-278.

A journal article with 3 authors

Perlo J, Casanova F, Blümich B. Ex situ NMR in highly homogeneous fields: 1H spectroscopy. Science. 2007;315(5815):1110-1112.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Affolder R, Rizzo I, Burgess C, Bchir A, Lob-Levyt J. A prescription for drug delivery. Nature. 2007;449(7159):170-172.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Silva Elipe MV. LC-NMR and Other Hyphenated NMR Techniques. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Del Giudice M. Social Media and Emerging Economies: Technological, Cultural and Economic Implications. (Della Peruta MR, Carayannis EG, eds.). Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Wanko M, Rubio A. Theoretical Methods. In: Brøndsted Nielsen S, Wyer JA, eds. Photophysics of Ionic Biochromophores. Physical Chemistry in Action. Springer; 2013:45-65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Healthcare Management Forum.

Blog post

Luntz S. Evolutionary Pause Blamed on Tectonic Stall. IFLScience. June 19, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/evolutionary-pause-blamed-tectonic-stall/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Agreed-Upon Procedures: Excise Taxes. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson L. A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Needs and Behaviors of Female Caregivers of Cancer Patients at the End of Life: A Theoretical Elaboration. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling MK. Fine Dining Is Toast. New York Times. February 6, 2017:M2106.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Healthcare Management Forum
Abbreviation	Healthc. Manage. Forum
ISSN (print)	0840-4704
Scope	Health Policy