How to format your references using the Indian Journal of Orthopaedics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Indian Journal of Orthopaedics (IJO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Squires J. E. (2002). Artificial blood. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5557), 1002-1005.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mohr J. J., & Forsberg R. (2002). Remote sensing: searching for new islands in sea ice. Nature, 416(6876), 35.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chien K. R., Moretti A., & Laugwitz K.-L. (2004). Development. ES cells to the rescue. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5694), 239-240.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Humphries N. E., Queiroz N., Dyer J. R. M., Pade N. G., Musyl M. K., Schaefer K. M., et al. (2010). Environmental context explains Lévy and Brownian movement patterns of marine predators. Nature, 465(7301), 1066-1069.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pashley R. M., & Karaman M. E. (2005). Applied Colloid and Surface Chemistry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

An edited book

Sucaet Y. (2014). Digital Pathology. Waelput W., editor. . Cham: Springer International Publishing

A chapter in an edited book

Güell J. L., Torrabadella M., Calatayud M., Gris O., Manero F., & Gaytan J. (2006). Limbal Stem Cell Culture. In: Reinhard T., Larkin D. F. P., editors. Cornea and External Eye Disease Essentials in Ophthalmology Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; . pp. 57-64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Indian Journal of Orthopaedics.

Blog post

Andrews R. (2015). Morocco Will Have 24/7 Solar Power By 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/morocco-will-have-247-solar-power-2017/. Published October 28, 2015. Accessed 30.10.2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/morocco-will-have-247-solar-power-2017/. Accessed October 30, 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1979). Review of the Administration of Research and Demonstration Grants by the Rehabilitation Services Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Walsh C. T. (2005). Molecular Pharmacodynamics of Chemotherapy: Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Inhibitors as Chemosensitizers

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) S. K. (2004). World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Summer Camp For Budding Thieves. New York Times. July 23, 2004:A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
ISSN (print)	0019-5413
ISSN (online)	1998-3727
Scope