How to format your references using the Information Systems Frontiers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Systems Frontiers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Laughlin, R. B. (2004). Physics. The cup of the hand. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303(5663), 1475–1477.

A journal article with 2 authors

Granick, S., & Bae, S. C. (2008). Chemistry. A curious antipathy for water. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5907), 1477–1478.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vohs, K. D., Mead, N. L., & Goode, M. R. (2006). The psychological consequences of money. Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5802), 1154–1156.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lastapis, M., Martin, M., Riedel, D., Hellner, L., Comtet, G., & Dujardin, G. (2005). Picometer-scale electronic control of molecular dynamics inside a single molecule. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5724), 1000–1003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fant, K. M. (2005). Logically Determined Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lantada, A. D. (Ed.). (2013). Handbook on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technologies for Biomedical Devices. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Azcue, P., & Muler, N. (2014). Characterization of Value Functions. In N. Muler (Ed.), Stochastic Optimization in Insurance: A Dynamic Programming Approach (pp. 75–96). New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Systems Frontiers.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, October 29). Scientists Make DNA Wires That Carry Electric Current. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2015). School-Meals Programs: Additional Verification Could Help USDA Ensure Legitimate Access (No. GAO-15-594T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Survis, F. D. (2010). Residential lawn water use and lawn irrigation practices: Wellington, Florida (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G. G. (2016, November 17). Anniversary Present: 25-Cent Comic Books. New York Times, p. C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Laughlin 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Granick and Bae 2008; Laughlin 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Granick and Bae 2008)
Three or more authors: (Lastapis et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Systems Frontiers
Abbreviation	Inf. Syst. Front.
ISSN (print)	1387-3326
ISSN (online)	1572-9419
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Information Systems Software Theoretical Computer Science