How to format your references using the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. Goodman, Getting mobile in Europe, Nature 427 (2004) 868–869.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

N.T. Schirle, I.J. MacRae, The crystal structure of human Argonaute2, Science 336 (2012) 1037–1040.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M.F. Whiting, S. Bradler, T. Maxwell, Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects, Nature 421 (2003) 264–267.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A.I. Chin, P.W. Dempsey, K. Bruhn, J.F. Miller, Y. Xu, G. Cheng, Involvement of receptor-interacting protein 2 in innate and adaptive immune responses, Nature 416 (2002) 190–194.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A.M. King, Internal Control of Fixed Assets, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

R. Anderson, J. Brodie, E. Onsøyen, A.T. Critchley, eds., Eighteenth International Seaweed Symposium: Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Seaweed Symposium, held in Bergen, Norway, 20 – 25 June 2004, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

V. Botti, A. Garrido, A. Giret, P. Noriega, The Role of MAS as a Decision Support Tool in a Water-Rights Market, in: F. Dechesne, H. Hattori, A.T. Mors, J.M. Such, D. Weyns, F. Dignum (Eds.), Advanced Agent Technology: AAMAS 2011 Workshops, AMPLE, AOSE, ARMS, DOCM3AS, ITMAS, Taipei, Taiwan, May 2-6, 2011. Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012: pp. 35–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Fossil Evidence Reveals That Cancer In Humans Goes Back 1.7 Million Years, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Air Traffic Control: Continued Improvements Needed in FAA’s Management of the NAS Plan, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.L. Wyers, An Investigation of Teacher Understanding and Perceptions of the Effectiveness of the Use of Learning Targets in the Classroom, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Corkery, J. Silver-Greenberg, Store-Branded Credit Cards Buoy Struggling Retailers, but Mask Their Pain, New York Times (2017) A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Abbreviation	Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct.
ISSN (print)	2212-4209
Scope	Geology Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Safety Research