How to format your references using the International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilczek F (2000) Particle physics. Backyard exotica. Nature 404:452–453

A journal article with 2 authors

Lee J-H, Paull TT (2004) Direct activation of the ATM protein kinase by the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. Science 304:93–96

A journal article with 3 authors

Alkire MT, Hudetz AG, Tononi G (2008) Consciousness and anesthesia. Science 322:876–880

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Dong Y, Mu Y, Xie Y, et al (2018) Structural basis of ubiquitin modification by the Legionella effector SdeA. Nature 557:674–678

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ben Mahmoud MS, Larrieu N, Pirovano A (2013) Risk Propagation Assessment for Network Security. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gersen SL, Keagle MB (2013) The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics, 3rd ed. 2013. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Basso P (2011) Mendelssohn on Lambert’s Neues Organon. In: Munk R (ed) Moses Mendelssohn’s Metaphysics and Aesthetics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 65–81

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Stephen Fry Gets His Own Asteroid. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/stephen-fry-gets-his-own-asteroid/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2017) Aviation Security: TSA Has Made Progress Implementing Requirements in the Aviation Security Act of 2016. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nichol KP (2013) English Language Learners and Gifted Identification: Exploring the Perceptions of Teachers and Parents. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M (2017) Lincoln Center Scraps $500 Million Renovation. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering
ISSN (print)	2199-9260
ISSN (online)	2199-9279
Scope