How to format your references using the International Journal of Nursing Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Nursing Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ma, X., 2015. Palaeontology: Hallucigenia’s head. Nature 523, 38–39.

A journal article with 2 authors

Druzd, D., Scheiermann, C., 2013. Immunology. Some monocytes got rhythm. Science 341, 1462–1464.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kurth, I., Georgescu, R.E., O’Donnell, M.E., 2013. A solution to release twisted DNA during chromosome replication by coupled DNA polymerases. Nature 496, 119–122.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pawlowski, W.P., Golubovskaya, I.N., Timofejeva, L., Meeley, R.B., Sheridan, W.F., Cande, W.Z., 2004. Coordination of meiotic recombination, pairing, and synapsis by PHS1. Science 303, 89–92.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hanzo, L., Liew, T.H., Yeap, B.L., 2005. Turbo Coding, Turbo Equalisation and Space-Time Coding. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Ferracchiati, F.C., 2011. Windows Phone Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach. Apress, Berkeley, CA.

A chapter in an edited book

Wagner, G.E., 2014. Research-Based Learning, in: Quave, C.L. (Ed.), Innovative Strategies for Teaching in the Plant Sciences. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 61–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Nursing Studies.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2017. Can You Solve The Murder Mystery Of The Phantom Fire? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/solve-murder-mystery-killer-phantom-fire/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1990. Air Traffic Control: Continuing Delays Anticipated for the Advanced Automation System (No. IMTEC-90-63). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robertson, E., 2014. Transitional services for emancipated foster youth: A grant proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S., 2004. Russian Lawmakers Advance Counterterrorism Measures. New York Times A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ma, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Druzd and Scheiermann, 2013; Ma, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Druzd and Scheiermann, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Pawlowski et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Nursing Studies
Abbreviation	Int. J. Nurs. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0020-7489
Scope	General Nursing