How to format your references using the Invertebrate Systematics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Invertebrate Systematics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eagleman DM (2004). Neuroscience. The where and when of intention. Science (New York, N.Y.) 303, 1144–1146.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raymo ME, Huybers P (2008). Unlocking the mysteries of the ice ages. Nature 451, 284–285.

A journal article with 3 authors

McElwain JC, Wade-Murphy J, Hesselbo SP (2005). Changes in carbon dioxide during an oceanic anoxic event linked to intrusion into Gondwana coals. Nature 435, 479–482.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang J, Green HW, Bozhilov K, Jin Z (2004). Faulting induced by precipitation of water at grain boundaries in hot subducting oceanic crust. Nature 428, 633–636.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sedivy J, Carlson G (2011). ‘Sold on Language’. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK)

An edited book

Wojciechowski K, Smolka B, Palus H, Kozera RS, Skarbek W, Noakes L (Eds.) (2006). ‘Computer Vision and Graphics: International Conference, ICCVG 2004, Warsaw, Poland, September 2004, Proceedings’. (Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht)

A chapter in an edited book

Ramanan R, Taback H (2016). Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility for Spirituality and Sustainability. In ‘Spirituality and Sustainability: New Horizons and Exemplary Approaches’. (Eds S Dhiman, J Marques.) pp. 73–88. (Springer International Publishing: Cham)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Invertebrate Systematics.

Blog post

Hale T (2016). Oil Starts To Flow In Untouched Corner Of Ecuador’s Biodiversity Haven. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/oil-starts-to-flow-in-untouched-corner-of-ecuadors-biodiversity-haven/ [accessed 30 October 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012). Information Technology: DHS Needs to Enhance Management of Cost and Schedule for Major Investments. GAO-12-904. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nevitt DS (2017). Organic Geochemical Proxies as Indicators of Paleoenvironmental Conditions and Source Sediment Provenance in the Chenier Plain, Vermilion and Cameron Parishes, Louisiana, USA. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2010). It’s Good to Have Best Sellers. New York Times, E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eagleman 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Eagleman 2004; Raymo and Huybers 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Raymo and Huybers 2008)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Invertebrate Systematics
Abbreviation	Invertebr. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1445-5226
ISSN (online)	1447-2600
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics