How to format your references using the Journal of African American Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of African American Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DeWeerdt, S. (2015). Microbiome: Microbial mystery. Nature, 521(7551), S10-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tulina, N., & Matunis, E. (2001). Control of stem cell self-renewal in Drosophila spermatogenesis by JAK-STAT signaling. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5551), 2546–2549.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lisiecki, L. E., Raymo, M. E., & Curry, W. B. (2008). Atlantic overturning responses to Late Pleistocene climate forcings. Nature, 456(7218), 85–88.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Schön, J. H., Dodabalapur, A., Bao, Z., Kloc, C., Schenker, O., & Batlogg, B. (2001). Gate-induced superconductivity in a solution-processed organic polymer film. Nature, 410(6825), 189–192.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allerton, D. (2009). Principles of Flight Simulation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Lichtfouse, E. (Ed.). (2009). Climate Change, Intercropping, Pest Control and Beneficial Microorganisms: Climate change, intercropping, pest control and beneficial microorganisms (Vol. 2). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Martín, M. E., Sánchez, M. L., Muñoz-Losa, A., Fdez. Galván, I., & Aguilar, M. A. (2015). Accelerating QM/MM Calculations by Using the Mean Field Approximation. In J.-L. Rivail, M. Ruiz-Lopez, & X. Assfeld (Eds.), Quantum Modeling of Complex Molecular Systems (pp. 135–152). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of African American Studies.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016, July 15). Do Women’s Periods Really Synch When They Spend Time Together? IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Transportation Security Information Sharing: Stakeholders Generally Satisfied but TSA Could Improve Analysis, Awareness, and Accountability (No. GAO-12-44). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Neilson, D. H. (2009). Structured interactions and collective outcomes essays on production and finance (Doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York, NY.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling, M. K. (2013, May 17). ‘I’ve Always Dreamed About Being Joe Pesci in “Goodfellas.” .’ New York Times, p. MM24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (DeWeerdt 2015).
This sentence cites two references (DeWeerdt 2015; Tulina and Matunis 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tulina and Matunis 2001)
Three or more authors: (Schön et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of African American Studies
Abbreviation	J. Afr. Am. Stud. (New Brunsw.)
ISSN (print)	1559-1646
ISSN (online)	1936-4741
Scope	Sociology and Political Science Cultural Studies Gender Studies