How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Crystallography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Crystallography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Freeman, K. H. (2009). Nature 462, 701.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hsiao, J. C. & Fong, K. (2004). Nature 428, 218–220.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pichersky, E., Noel, J. P. & Dudareva, N. (2006). Science 311, 808–811.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Solanki, S. K., Usoskin, I. G., Kromer, B., Schüssler, M. & Beer, J. (2004). Nature 431, 1084–1087.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anwar, S. & Carroll, J. J. (2016). Carbon Dioxide Thermodynamic Properties Handbook Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kreowski, H.-J., Scholz-Reiter, B. & Thoben, K.-D. (2011). Dynamics in Logistics: Second International Conference, LDIC 2009, Bremen, Germany, August 2009, Proceedings Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sousa, J. P., Balan, R. K., Poladian, V., Garlan, D. & Satyanarayanan, M. (2009). Vol. Software and Data Technologies: Third International Conference, ICSOFT 2008, Porto, Portugal, July 22-24, 2008, Revised Selected Papers, edited by J. Cordeiro, B. Shishkov, A. Ranchordas & M. Helfert. pp. 48–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Crystallography.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). IFLScience, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/university-cambridge-recruiting-professor-lego/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006). Wood Utilization: Federal Research and Product Development Activities, Support, and Technology Transfer Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wuite, J. (2006). Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Three East Antarctic Outlet Glaciers and Their Floating Ice Tongues. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sturm, J. (2017). New York Times BR22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Freeman, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Freeman, 2009; Hsiao & Fong, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hsiao & Fong, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Solanki et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Crystallography
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Crystallogr.
ISSN (online)	1600-5767
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology