How to format your references using the Journal of Applied Geophysics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Applied Geophysics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zhang, X., 2008. The epigenetic landscape of plants. Science 320, 489–492.

A journal article with 2 authors

Witt, C.C., Brumfield, R.T., 2004. Comment on “Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation” (I). Science 303, 173; author reply 173.

A journal article with 3 authors

Komarova, N.L., Levy, D.N., Wodarz, D., 2013. Synaptic transmission and the susceptibility of HIV infection to anti-viral drugs. Sci. Rep. 3, 2103.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Antonini, C., Lee, J.B., Maitra, T., Irvine, S., Derome, D., Tiwari, M.K., Carmeliet, J., Poulikakos, D., 2014. Unraveling wetting transition through surface textures with X-rays: liquid meniscus penetration phenomena. Sci. Rep. 4, 4055.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Marks, K.H., Robbins, L.E., Fernández, G., Funkhouser, J.P., Williams, D.L., 2009. The Handbook of Financing Growth. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Barati, B., 2015. In Silico Engineering of Disulphide Bonds to Produce Stable Cellulase, SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer, Singapore.

A chapter in an edited book

Nakanishi, H., Islam, M.F., 2009. Quantum Percolation in Two Dimensions, in: Chakrabarti, B.K., Bardhan, K.K., Sen, A.K. (Eds.), Quantum and Semi-Classical Percolation and Breakdown in Disordered Solids, Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 1–26.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Applied Geophysics.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2014. Sexy Peacocks Fly Fine, Even With Extravagant Tails [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sexy-peacocks-fly-fine-even-extravagant-tails/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1995. High Risk Series: Student Financial Aid (No. HR-95-10). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sarkissian, L.N., 2009. An examination of course-level factors contributing to student success (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Traub, J., 2017. Think Locally, Act Locally. New York Times BR19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zhang, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Witt and Brumfield, 2004; Zhang, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Witt and Brumfield, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Antonini et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Applied Geophysics
Abbreviation	J. Appl. Geophy.
ISSN (print)	0926-9851
Scope	Geophysics