How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedic Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedic Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Travers A. Structural biology. The 30-nm fiber redux. Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):370–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rabinowitz JD, White E. Autophagy and metabolism. Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1344–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

He W, Cowin P, Stokes DL. Untangling desmosomal knots with electron tomography. Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):109–13.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chen Z, Appenzeller J, Lin YM, Sippel-Oakley J, Rinzler AG, Tang J, Wind SJ, Solomon PM, Avouris P. An integrated logic circuit assembled on a single carbon nanotube. Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1735.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rim CT, Mi C. Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles and Mobile Devices. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Sánchez-Silva M. Reliability and Life-Cycle Analysis of Deteriorating Systems. Klutke GA, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XXIV, 355 p. 106 illus. (Springer Series in Reliability Engineering).

A chapter in an edited book

Inverardi P. Software of the Future Is the Future of Software? In: Montanari U, Sannella D, Bruni R, editors. Trustworthy Global Computing: Second Symposium, TGC 2006, Lucca, Italy, November 7-9, 2006, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 69–85. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedic Science.

Blog post

Andrew D. Lost In Translation: Five Common English Phrases You May Be Using Incorrectly [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/lost-in-translation-five-common-english-phrases-you-may-be-using-incorrectly/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Airport and Airway Trust Fund: Factors Affecting Revenue Forecast Accuracy and Realizing Future FAA Expenditures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Jan. Report No.: GAO-12-222.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gravano A. Turn-taking and affirmative cue words in task-oriented dialogue [Doctoral dissertation]. [New York, NY]: Columbia University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Cathedral Needs Alms In the Wake of Calamity. New York Times. 2002 May 12;147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedic Science
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0949-2658
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine