How to format your references using the Karstenia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Karstenia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Proctor, R.N. 2000: Expert witnesses take the stand. Nature 407: 15–16.

A journal article with 2 authors

Poulet, J.F.A. & Hedwig, B. 2006: The cellular basis of a corollary discharge. Science (New York, N.Y.) 311: 518–522.

A journal article with 3 authors

Thomson, K.S., Sutton, M. & Thomas, B. 2003: A larval Devonian lungfish. Nature 426: 833–834.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Beck, P., Gillet, P., El Goresy, A. & Mostefaoui, S. 2005: Timescales of shock processes in chondritic and martian meteorites. Nature 435: 1071–1074.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McLean, D. 2012: Understanding Aerodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Besold, T.R., Schorlemmer, M. & Smaill, A. eds. 2015: Computational Creativity Research: Towards Creative Machines. Atlantis Press, Paris.

A chapter in an edited book

Sun, L., Mkwawa, I.-H., Jammeh, E. & Ifeachor, E. 2013: Media Transport for VoIP. In: Mkwawa, I.-H., Jammeh, E., & Ifeachor, E. (eds.). Guide to Voice and Video over IP: For Fixed and Mobile Networks. Computer Communications and Networks, 73–100. Springer, London.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Karstenia.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014: Physicists Directly Detect Neutrinos From Sun’s Core. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2009: No Child Left Behind Act: Enhancements in the Department of Education’s Review Process Could Improve State Academic Assessments.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia, D.M. 2010: Cutting a thorn: The cleansing function of female genital cutting. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, B.M. 2017: The Scramblin’ Kids of Harlem. New York Times D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Proctor 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Proctor 2000, Poulet & Hedwig 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Poulet & Hedwig 2006)
Three or more authors: (Beck et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Karstenia
ISSN (print)	0453-3402
Scope