How to format your references using the Machine Learning: Science and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Machine Learning: Science and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Schluter D 2009 Evidence for ecological speciation and its alternative Science 323 737–41

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Belkaid Y and Grainger J 2013 Immunology. Mucus coat, a dress code for tolerance Science 342 432–3

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Hunt G R, Corballis M C and Gray R D 2001 Animal behaviour: Laterality in tool manufacture by crows Nature 414 707

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Xu P, Kang L, Mack N H, Schanze K S, Han X and Wang H-L 2013 Mechanistic understanding of surface plasmon assisted catalysis on a single particle: cyclic redox of 4-aminothiophenol Sci. Rep. 3 2997

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bruen A A and Forcinito M A 2004 Cryptography, Information Theory, and Error-Correction (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Loera J A D 2010 Triangulations: Structures for Algorithms and Applications vol 25, ed J Rambau and F Santos (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Fleishman G D and Toptygin I N 2013 Nonlinear MHD Waves and Discontinuities Cosmic Electrodynamics: Electrodynamics and Magnetic Hydrodynamics of Cosmic Plasmas Astrophysics and Space Science Library ed I N Toptygin (New York, NY: Springer) pp 163–216

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Machine Learning: Science and Technology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R 2016 Peculiar Ancient Marine Reptile Reveals Life Evolved Rapidly After 'Great Dying” Apocalypse IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1999 Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Readiness of State Automated Systems That Support Federal Human Services Programs (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Seidel J G 2015 Adolescent female stress management curriculum Doctoral dissertation (Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Schwartz J 2017 Tax Advice From Lawmakers and Lawbreakers New York Times BU13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Machine Learning: Science and Technology
ISSN (online)	2632-2153
Scope