How to format your references using the Ocean Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ocean Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Qiu, J., 2009. Obituary: Qian Xuesen (1911-2009). Nature 462, 735.

A journal article with 2 authors

Watson, A.J.A., Williams, J.M.J., 2010. Chemistry. The give and take of alcohol activation. Science 329, 635–636.

A journal article with 3 authors

Atwood, J.L., Barbour, L.J., Jerga, A., 2002. Storage of methane and freon by interstitial van der Waals confinement. Science 296, 2367–2369.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dorner, M., Horwitz, J.A., Robbins, J.B., Barry, W.T., Feng, Q., Mu, K., Jones, C.T., Schoggins, J.W., Catanese, M.T., Burton, D.R., Law, M., Rice, C.M., Ploss, A., 2011. A genetically humanized mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection. Nature 474, 208–211.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sinaiski, E.G., 2011. Hydromechanics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Zajda, J., Majhanovich, S., Rust, V. (Eds.), 2006. Education and Social Justice. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Bentley, M.L., 2010. Toward Awakening Consciousness: A Response to EcoJustice Education and Science Education, in: Tippins, D.J., Mueller, M.P., Eijck, M. van, Adams, J.D. (Eds.), Cultural Studies and Environmentalism: The Confluence of EcoJustice, Place-Based (Science) Education, and Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Cultural Studies of Science Education. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 29–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ocean Engineering.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2017. Scientists Find The Cells At The Root Of Balding And Gray Hair [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/scientists-find-the-cells-at-the-root-of-balding-and-gray-hair/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1996. Federal Employers’ Liability Act: Issues Associated With Changing How Railroad Work-Related Injuries Are Compensated (No. RCED-96-199). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coulibaly, I., 2017. Influence of Gender and Age on the Performance of a PBIS program: Quantitative Analysis of Secondary Data from a Midwestern Suburban Public Middle School (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Link, K., 2016. Letting All the ‘What Ifs’ Out to Play. New York Times BR8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Qiu, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Qiu, 2009; Watson and Williams, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Watson and Williams, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Dorner et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ocean Engineering
Abbreviation	Ocean Eng.
ISSN (print)	0029-8018
Scope	Ocean Engineering Environmental Engineering