How to format your references using the Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Knapp, S., 2007. Anthropology. Some like it hot. Science 315, 946–947.

A journal article with 2 authors

Knouse, K.A., Amon, A., 2015. Cell biology: the micronucleus gets its big break. Nature 522, 162–163.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rainville, S., Thompson, J.K., Pritchard, D.E., 2004. An ion balance for ultra-high-precision atomic mass measurements. Science 303, 334–338.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Piel, F.B., Howes, R.E., Patil, A.P., Nyangiri, O.A., Gething, P.W., Bhatt, S., Williams, T.N., Weatherall, D.J., Hay, S.I., 2013. The distribution of haemoglobin C and its prevalence in newborns in Africa. Sci. Rep. 3, 1671.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Neward, T., Erickson, A.C., Crowell, T., Minerich, R., 2010. Professional F# 2.0. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.

An edited book

Boccia, F., Leonardi, R. (Eds.), 2016. The Challenge of the Digital Economy: Markets, Taxation and Appropriate Economic Models. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Schwartzman, S., 2014. Academic Drift in Brazilian Education, in: Maldonado-Maldonado, A., Bassett, R.M. (Eds.), The Forefront of International Higher Education: A Festschrift in Honor of Philip G. Altbach, Higher Education Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 61–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2015. Hubble Spots Stellar Explosion Unlike Any Ever Seen Before [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/hubble-spots-new-type-explosion/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. ADP Budget Analysis: SSA’s Information Systems Funding for Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (No. IMTEC-88-49). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cuomo, A.P., 2013. SB 48 and social media: Constituing an audience for and against California’s LGBT education legislation (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Risen, J., 2016. An Ex-Detainee, but Still a Captive of ‘The Darkness.’ New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Knapp, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Knapp, 2007; Knouse and Amon, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Knouse and Amon, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Piel et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Abbreviation	Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.
ISSN (print)	0031-0182
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Earth-Surface Processes Oceanography Palaeontology