How to format your references using the Radiotherapy and Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiotherapy and Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kaufman F. Futures market: Wall Street’s thirst for water. Nature 2012;490:469–71.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Xavier KB, Bassler BL. Interference with AI-2-mediated bacterial cell-cell communication. Nature 2005;437:750–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Alford RA, Dixon PM, Pechmann JH. Ecology. Global amphibian population declines. Nature 2001;412:499–500.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Rafael ME, Taylor T, Magill A, Lim Y-W, Girosi F, Allan R. Reducing the burden of childhood malaria in Africa: the role of improved. Nature 2006;444 Suppl 1:39–48.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Spence R. Introductory Circuits. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Kumar V. Customer Relationship Management: Concept, Strategy, and Tools. 2nd ed. 2012. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Chilenski SM, Summers N. The Value of Social Capital: What Are Its Outcomes? In: Greenberg AG, Gullotta TP, Bloom M, editors. Social Capital and Community Well-Being: The Serve Here Initiative, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 67–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiotherapy and Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Scientists Plan To Drill Into Earthquake Fault Line From The Bottom Of A Gold Mine. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Consumer Finance: Factors Affecting the Financial Literacy of Individuals with Limited English Proficiency. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Schmittel M. The Children First Foundation Parenting Education Program: A Study on the Effectiveness of a Divorce Parenting Education Program. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Pilon M. Hitting the Wall: For Marathon Charities, Numbers Are Slowing. New York Times 2013:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiotherapy and Oncology
Abbreviation	Radiother. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	0167-8140
Scope	Hematology Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging