How to format your references using the Transportation Planning and Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transportation Planning and Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blow, Nathan. 2009. “Functional Neuroscience: Changing the Colour of MRI.” Nature 458 (7240): 926.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gross, Richard A., and Bhanu Kalra. 2002. “Biodegradable Polymers for the Environment.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 297 (5582): 803–807.

A journal article with 3 authors

Riolo, R. L., M. D. Cohen, and R. Axelrod. 2001. “Evolution of Cooperation without Reciprocity.” Nature 414 (6862): 441–443.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Enquist, Brian J., Andrew P. Allen, James H. Brown, James F. Gillooly, Andrew J. Kerkhoff, Karl J. Niklas, Charles A. Price, and Geoffrey B. West. 2007. “Biological Scaling: Does the Exception Prove the Rule?” Nature 445 (7127): E9-10; discussion E10-1.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

James, Lowellyne. 2014. Sustainability Footprints in SMEs. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Khosla, Rajiv, Robert J. Howlett, and Lakhmi C. Jain, eds. 2005. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: 9th International Conference, KES 2005, Melbourne, Australia, September 14-16, 2005, Proceedings, Part II. Vol. 3682. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Mao, Yihuan, Yukai Wang, Libin Wang, and Qi Zhou. 2015. “Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell, a Rising Star in Regenerative Medicine.” In Stem Cells: Basics and Clinical Translation, edited by Robert Chunhua Zhao, 85–109. Translational Medicine Research. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transportation Planning and Technology.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Why Smaller Mammals Are More Susceptible To Cancer.” IFLScience, IFLScience, July 19.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. Maintaining Effective Control Over Employee Time and Attendance Reporting. GAO-01-186G. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson, Kimberly C. 2013. “Teacher and Parent Perceptions of Classroom Experiences of African American Male Students in a High School Alternative Program.” Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Liptak, Adam, and Mary Williams Walsh. 2016. “Justices Reject Puerto Rico Law in Case on Restructuring Debt.” New York Times, June 14, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Blow 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Blow 2009; Gross and Kalra 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gross and Kalra 2002)
Three authors: (Riolo, Cohen, and Axelrod 2001)
4 or more authors: (Enquist et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Transportation Planning and Technology
Abbreviation	Transp. Plan. Technol.
ISSN (print)	0308-1060
ISSN (online)	1029-0354
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Transportation