How to format your references using the Twentieth-Century Music citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Twentieth-Century Music. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bollinger, John J. ‘Metrology: filtering noise with a quantum probe’. Nature. 473/7345 (2011), 39–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schultz, Richard M., and Carmen J. Williams. ‘The science of ART’. Science (New York, N.Y.). 296/5576 (2002), 2188–90.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meindl, J. D., Q. Chen, and J. A. Davis. ‘Limits on silicon nanoelectronics for terascale integration’. Science (New York, N.Y.). 293/5537 (2001), 2044–49.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Wang, Xiao-Hong, Roghiyh Aliyari, Wan-Xiang Li, Hong-Wei Li, Kevin Kim, Richard Carthew, Peter Atkinson, and Shou-Wei Ding. ‘RNA interference directs innate immunity against viruses in adult Drosophila’. Science (New York, N.Y.). 312/5772 (2006), 452–54.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dvorak, Rudolf, and Christoph Lhotka. Celestial Dynamics. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013.

An edited book

Blesa, Maria J., Christian Blum, and Stefan Voß, eds. Hybrid Metaheuristics: 9th International Workshop, HM 2014, Hamburg, Germany, June 11-13, 2014. Proceedings, vol. . Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Kontaki, Maria, Apostolos N. Papadopoulos, and Yannis Manolopoulos. ‘Continuous Processing of Preference Queries in Data Streams’. eds. Jan van Leeuwen, Anca Muscholl, David Peleg, Jaroslav Pokorný, and Bernhard Rumpe, in SOFSEM 2010: Theory and Practice of Computer Science: 36th Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, Špindlerův Mlýn, Czech Republic, January 23-29, 2010. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010. 47–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Twentieth-Century Music.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. ‘Nasty Star Has Cosmic Temper Tantrum’. IFLScience. IFLScience, 26 May 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasty-star/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Information on Incentive Compensation Violations Substantiated by the U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 23, 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zitko, Jarrett Albert. ‘Effects of Random Cross-Sectioned Distributions, Fiber Misalignment and Interphases in Three-Dimensional Composite Models on Transverse Shear Modulus’. Doctoral dissertation, Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, Ben. ‘Review: “Keeping Up With the Joneses” Might Not Be Worth It’. New York Times20 October 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Twentieth-Century Music
ISSN (print)	1478-5722
ISSN (online)	1478-5730
Scope