How to format your references using the Virology Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virology Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ellis, J., 2007. Beyond the standard model with the LHC. Nature 448, 297–301.

A journal article with 2 authors

Klankermayer, J., Leitner, W., 2015. CHEMISTRY. Love at second sight for CO₂ and H₂ in organic synthesis. Science 350, 629–630.

A journal article with 3 authors

DeCoursey, T.E., Morgan, D., Cherny, V.V., 2003. The voltage dependence of NADPH oxidase reveals why phagocytes need proton channels. Nature 422, 531–534.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Mueller, A.-K., Labaied, M., Kappe, S.H.I., Matuschewski, K., 2005. Genetically modified Plasmodium parasites as a protective experimental malaria vaccine. Nature 433, 164–167.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Huang, Q., Jing, S., Yi, J., Zhen, W., 2014. Innovative Testing and Measurement Solutions for Smart Grid. John Wiley & Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore.

An edited book

Landau, D.P., Lewis, S.P., Schütler, H.-B. (Eds.), 2006. Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics XVI, Springer proceedings in physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Slaughter, D.C., 2014. The Biological Engineer: Sensing the Difference Between Crops and Weeds, in: Young, S.L., Pierce, F.J. (Eds.), Automation: The Future of Weed Control in Cropping Systems. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 71–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virology Reports.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Study Strengthens Link Between Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Autism [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2013. Data Center Consolidation: Strengthened Oversight Needed to Achieve Billions of Dollars in Savings (No. GAO-13-627T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Diorio, C.A., 2010. The silent scream of Medusa: Restoring, or re-storying, her voice (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, H., Gordon, M.R., Schmitt, E., 2017. Defense Chief Maintains Distance From President. New York Times A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ellis, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Ellis, 2007; Klankermayer and Leitner, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Klankermayer and Leitner, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Mueller et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virology Reports
Abbreviation	Virol. Rep.
ISSN (print)	2214-6695
Scope