How to format your references using the Clinical Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pincus P. PHASE TRANSITIONS: Y’s and Ends. Science 2000;290(5495):1307–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Carr JS, Najita JR. Organic molecules and water in the planet formation region of young circumstellar disks. Science 2008;319(5869):1504–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alonso S, Sagués F, Mikhailov AS. Taming Winfree turbulence of scroll waves in excitable media. Science 2003;299(5613):1722–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li B, Moshfegh C, Lin Z, Albuschies J, Vogel V. Mesenchymal stem cells exploit extracellular matrix as mechanotransducer. Sci Rep 2013;3:2425.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

CCPS. Guidelines for Mechanical Integrity Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

Johansson R, Rantzer A, editors. Distributed Decision Making and Control. vol. 417. London: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Mulser P, Bauer D. The Ponderomotive Force and Nonresonant Effects. In: Bauer D, ed. High Power Laser-Matter Interaction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010;193–227.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Radiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Change Is Possible When Sexual Harassment Is Exposed. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/change-possible-when-sexual-harassment-exposed/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Feasibility of Treating Contractors’ Independent Research and Development Costs as a Budget Line Item. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tahira A. Synthesis of Bivalent Organothiophosphate Inhibitors and Their Inhibition of Butyrylcholinesterase: Studies towards a Potential Treatment of Cognitive Loss Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt MS. Car Chase, White House To Capitol, Has Fatal End. New York Times 2013:A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Radiology
Abbreviation	Clin. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	0009-9260
ISSN (online)	1365-229X
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging