How to format your references using the Fishes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fishes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ho, D. Is China Prepared for Microbial Threats? Nature 2005, 435, 421–422.

A journal article with 2 authors

Parvatiyar, K.; Harhaj, E.W. Cell Signaling. Anchors Away for Ubiquitin Chains. Science 2010, 328, 1244–1245.

A journal article with 3 authors

Croxall, J.P.; Trathan, P.N.; Murphy, E.J. Environmental Change and Antarctic Seabird Populations. Science 2002, 297, 1510–1514.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sun, Q.-Q.; Wang, L.-H.; Yang, W.; Zhou, P.; Wang, P.-F.; Ding, S.-J.; Zhang, D.W. Atomic Scale Investigation of a Graphene Nano-Ribbon Based High Efficiency Spin Valve. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 2921.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shapiro, I.M. Energy Audits and Improvements for Commercial Buildings; John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, 2016; ISBN 9781119174851.

An edited book

Manente, M. Responsible Tourism and CSR: Assessment Systems for Sustainable Development of SMEs in Tourism; Minghetti, V., Mingotto, E., Eds.; CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2014; ISBN 9783319063072.

A chapter in an edited book

Maciocco, G.; Tagliagambe, S. What We Want or the Kitsch City and the City of Conformism. In People and Space: New Forms of Interaction in the City Project; Tagliagambe, S., Ed.; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2009; pp. 31–39 ISBN 9781402098789.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fishes.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. Astronomers Have Discovered A New Nearby Super-Earth Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-have-discovered-a-new-nearby-superearth/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Aviation Safety: FAA’s Risk-Based Oversight for Repair Stations Could Benefit from Additional Airline Data and Performance Metrics [Reissued on September 2, 2016]; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2016;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lizarraga, D. Effects of Large Inedible Particles on the Feeding Performance of Echinodem Larvae. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch, J. He Accosted a Runner. Now He’s Angry. New York Times 2016, SP7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fishes
Abbreviation	G.
ISSN (online)	2410-3888
Scope