How to format your references using the Geoscientific Model Development Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geoscientific Model Development Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bartram, J.: Improving on haves and have-nots, Nature, 452, 283–284, 2008.

A journal article with 2 authors

Atatüre, M. and Morton, J. J. L.: Quantum information. A gem of a quantum teleporter, Science, 345, 510–511, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, Y., Chen, G., and Zhang, C.: Tunable spin-orbit coupling and quantum phase transition in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, Sci. Rep., 3, 1937, 2013.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Chin, A. I., Dempsey, P. W., Bruhn, K., Miller, J. F., Xu, Y., and Cheng, G.: Involvement of receptor-interacting protein 2 in innate and adaptive immune responses, Nature, 416, 190–194, 2002.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kula, G., Raab, M., and Stahn, S.: Beyond Smart Beta, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2017.

An edited book

König, A., Dengel, A., Hinkelmann, K., Kise, K., Howlett, R. J., and Jain, L. C. (Eds.): Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: 15th International Conference, KES 2011, Kaiserslautern, Germany, September 12-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part III, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XXII, 653 p. 373 illus., 228 illus. in color p., 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Singer, E. and Druml, C.: Ethics in Clinical Research, in: Clinical Pharmacology: Current Topics and Case Studies, edited by: Müller, M., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 51–60, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geoscientific Model Development Discussions.

Blog post

Hale, T.: Timelapse Video Shows The “Peaceful Bliss” Of Preparing Fossils For Show, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/timelapse-video-shows-the-peaceful-bliss-of-preparing-fossils-for-show/, last access: 30 October 2018, 2017., 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Intercity Passenger Rail: Amtrak Needs to Improve Its Decisionmaking Process for Its Route and Service Proposals, GAO-02-398, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wright, N. C.: The association between rheumatoid arthritis, bone strength, and body composition within the women’s health initiative, Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnson, G.: A Cancer Cluster Is Tough to Prove, , New York Times17th FebruaryD3, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bartram, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Atatüre and Morton, 2014; Bartram, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Atatüre and Morton, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Chin et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
Abbreviation	Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1991-962X
Scope