How to format your references using the Marine Environmental Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Marine Environmental Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ploegh, H.L., 2007. A lipid-based model for the creation of an escape hatch from the endoplasmic reticulum. Nature 448, 435–438.

A journal article with 2 authors

Donovan, P.J., Gearhart, J., 2001. The end of the beginning for pluripotent stem cells. Nature 414, 92–97.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gandía-Herrero, F., García-Carmona, F., Escribano, J., 2005. Botany: floral fluorescence effect. Nature 437, 334.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kim, K., Kim, M.-J., Kim, S.-I., Jang, J.-H., 2013. Towards visible light hydrogen generation: quantum dot-sensitization via efficient light harvesting of hybrid-TiO2. Sci. Rep. 3, 3330.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rao, K.R., Bojkovic, Z.S., Milovanovic, D.A., 2005. Introduction to Multimedia Communications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Naidich, T.P., 2009. Duvernoy’s Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum: High-Field MRI: Surface Anatomy, Internal Structure, Vascularization and 3D Sectional Anatomy. Springer, Vienna.

A chapter in an edited book

Gautschi, H., Gautschi, D., 2016. How Did We Get to Here? The Role of the State in Fostering Context, in: Gautschi, D. (Ed.), Technological Innovation and Economic Transformation: A Method for Contextual Analysis. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, pp. 77–119.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Marine Environmental Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2017. What’s Going On At Fukushima? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2005. Head Start: Comprehensive Approach to Identifying and Addressing Risks Could Help Prevent Grantee Financial Management Weaknesses (No. GAO-05-465T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Olson, B.A., 2012. Problem Management: A System Engineering Management Framework (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M.J.O., 2010. What’s Left Behind. New York Times BR17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ploegh, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Donovan and Gearhart, 2001; Ploegh, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Donovan and Gearhart, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Kim et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Marine Environmental Research
Abbreviation	Mar. Environ. Res.
ISSN (print)	0141-1136
Scope	Aquatic Science Oceanography Pollution General Medicine